Dietrich Bonhoeffer Timeline

Dietrich Bonhoeffer Timeline
1906
Dietrich and his twin sister Sabine are born on February 4. Six years later the Bonhoeffers move to Berlin where Dr. Karl Bonhoeffer begins teaching neurology and psychiatry. Dietrich enjoys a comfortable, privileged childhood there.

1923
The young Bonhoeffer begins theological studies at Tubingen University. Within four years he successfully defends his brilliant and ground-breaking doctoral thesis, Sanctorum Communio ( Communion of Saints), a significantly new way of looking at the nature of the Christian church.

1930
Bonhoeffer sails to New York and begins a teaching fellowship at Union Theological Seminary. There he meets, among others, Frank Fisher, a Black fellow seminarian who introduces him to Abyssinian Baptist Church and the African American church experience. Bonhoeffer hears Adam Clayton Powell preach the Gospel of Social Justice there and he forms a life-long love for Black Gospel music.

1931
Bonhoeffer returns to Germany.

1933
Hitler is installed as Chancellor. Two days later, Bonhoeffer delivers a radio address on leadership attacking Hitler. He is cut off the air. In November, Bonhoeffer is ordained at St. Matthias Church, Berlin. By April the Aryan Civil Service legislation bans Jews from public employment. Ludwig Müller is appointed Hitler's representative for the Protestant churches and installed as Reich Bishop of the first-ever national church of Germany. The Pope, Pius XI, signs the Concordat, an agreement with the Third Reich not to interfere, in exchange for assurances that Catholic church will not be attacked.
1934
The Confessing Church is organized at Barmen, Germany, and the Barmen Declaration is adopted, insisting that Christ, not the Fuhrer, is the head of the church. Bonhoeffer leaves for England to head a church for Germans. On August 2, German President Paul von Hindenburg dies. Hitler proclaimed as both Chancellor and President.

1935
Bonhoeffer returns from England to direct the seminary for the Confessing Church in Finkenwalde, Germany. By December, Himmler declares all examinations for the Confessing Church invalid, all training there invalid and all participants liable to arrest. In September, the Nuremberg Laws are passed, canceling citizenship for German Jews.

1936
In July, the Confessing Church leader and WWI hero Martin Niemöller is arrested. In August, Bonhoeffer's authorization to teach at Berlin University is withdrawn. The August Olympic Games in Berlin begin. Hitler is quoted as saying of 4-time gold medal champion Jesse Owens "The Americans should be ashamed of themselves, letting Negroes win their medals for them." He refuses to shake Owen's hand.

1937
In September the seminary at Finkenwalde is closed by the Gestapo. By November, 27 pastors and former Finkenwalde students are arrested. Also in November, Bonhoeffer publishes The Cost of Discipleship. Pope Pius XI issues "With Burning Anxiety," protesting Hitler's infractions of their earlier agreement, the Concordat of 1933.

1938
In February Bonhoeffer makes his initial contact with members of the German Resistance. In September he writes Life Together. Bonhoeffer's sister Sabine, her Jewish husband Gerhard Leibholz and two daughters escape to England by way of Switzerland. On March 12 Austria is annexed by Germany. In April all German pastors are ordered to take an oath of allegiance to Hitler in recognition of his 50th birthday. On November 9 a nation-wide, organized riot called Kristallnacht takes place, bringing the destruction of nearly 300 synagogues across Germany, the looting of 7,500 Jewish-owned shops, and the arrest of 30,000 Jewish men.

1939
In June Bonhoeffer returns to the United States for second time. He realizes almost immediately that this was a mistake and he returns to Germany on the last scheduled steamer to cross the Atlantic. On January 1 all Jewish-owned businesses are liquidated by order of Hermann Göring. In March German troops invade Czechoslovakia. On September 1 Germany invades Poland. Great Britain and France declare war on Germany.

1940
Bonhoeffer is forbidden to speak in public and is required to report regularly to the police. He spends September and October working on Ethics. On April 9 German troops invade Denmark and Norway. In May German troops invade Holland, Belgium, Luxembourg and France. By August the Battle of Britain begins; German Luftwaffe bombs London.

1941
Bonhoeffer is forbidden to print or to publish. He makes two trips to Switzerland on behalf of the Resistance. In April German troops invade Yugoslavia and Greece. In June they invade the Soviet Union. By September a decree requires all German Jews to wear a yellow star stitched to their clothing. In October the first deportations of Jews from Berlin begin and the first gas chambers are installed at Auschwitz, Poland. On December 7 Japan attacks Pearl Harbor and the United States joins the war effort.

1942
In April Bonhoeffer visits Norway and Sweden. In May he meets in Sweden with the British Bishop Bell, a member of Parliament, on behalf of the Resistance.

1943
In January Bonhoeffer proposes and becomes engaged to Maria von Wedemeyer. In January the Casablanca talks begin between US President Franklin Roosevelt and British Prime Minister Winston Churchill. On April 5 he is arrested and incarcerated at Tegel Prison, Berlin. Beginning in July Bonhoeffer is intensively interrogated in prison. In December Bonhoeffer writes his Christmas essay, "After Ten Years."

On May 19 Joseph Goebbels, the German minister of propaganda, declares that Germany is now Judenfrei (free of Jews). From November 28 to December 1 Joseph Stalin of the USSR, Roosevelt and Churchill meet at Teheran.

1944
In October the Gestapo arrests Bonhoeffer's brother Klaus and Rüdiger Schleicher, Bonhoeffer's brother-in-law. Bonhoeffer is moved from Tegel prison to the Gestapo prison at Prinz-Albrecht-Strasse, Berlin. In December 19 Bonhoeffer writes his last letter to Maria von Wedemeyer. In January Allied military forces land at Anzio, Italy. In Hungary 437,000 Jews are shipped to Auschwitz. In June Allied military forces land on Normandy coast, France (D-Day). On July 20 Klaus von Stauffenberg attempts to assassinate Hitler at Rastenburg, East Prussia.

1945
February 4-7. An Allied conference is held at Yalta to discuss post-war settlements. On March 7 American forces cross Rhine River at Remagen. On April 3 Bonhoeffer is moved from Buchenwald to Regensburg. Five days later his is moved to the Flossenbürg concentration camp during the night. The next day, April 9, Bonhoeffer is executed at Flossenbürg together with other key figures of the resistance. On April 12 President Franklin Roosevelt dies; Harry Truman is sworn in as president. On April 23 Klaus Bonhoeffer and Rüdiger Schleicher are killed in Berlin. On April 30 Adolf Hitler commits suicide in his Berlin bunker. By May 2 Berlin falls. On May 7 the German forces make an unconditional surrender.